THE TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES IN UKRAINE: TRADITIONAL INFLUENCE IN HISTORICAL CONTEXT AND THE GENESIS OF TERMINOLOGY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31470/2786-6246-2024-7-34-47Keywords:
community, territorial community, local self-government, Magdeburg law, starostaAbstract
This article explores the essence of territorial communities, their characteristics across different historical periods, the formation and evolution of the territorial community institution from the times of Kyivan Rus to the present, as well as the genesis of terminology in this field. The authors identify forms of organizing community life at the local level in various historical periods and highlight the specifics of addressing important local issues.
It is established that ancient prototypes of modern territorial communities included «verv» (Kyivan Rus), «kopa», «volost» (Lithuanian-Polish period), community (16th century), «obshchyna» (in territories of Ukraine under the Russian Empire in the 19th – early 20th century), and «gmina» (Western Ukrainian lands in the 19th – early 20th century). Emphasis is placed on the crucial role of Magdeburg law in the development of local self-governance, which was granted to cities. Its essence lay in urban populations being exempt from the jurisdiction of government administration and gaining self-governance on a corporate basis, with urban residents having their community and court based on specific privileges granted by the town’s owner.
The article also explores local government bodies in different historical periods and the functions they were endowed with. In particular, a characterization is provided for forms of contemporary self-governance such as «viche», «kopny» court, «starosta», «vijt», «skhody», and city councils.
Conclusions are drawn that the structure and functions of territorial communities in different historical periods varied. However, in general, a territorial community was understood as a specific community that corresponded to certain characteristics depending on the historical epoch. Understanding the traditional aspects of community cohesion in a historical context is crucial for the successful implementation of modern management models. Providing support and connecting with the past can be a significant factor in the perception and acceptance of changes.
The authors state that the investigation of the genesis of terminology is a key aspect in ensuring clarity and standardization of relevant terms and concepts, particularly «community» and «starosta». This is important for effective communication between the government, citizens, and the expert community during the implementation of reforms in the field of local self-governance.
The authors note that Ukraine has ancient traditions of territorial communities, which largely rely on the historical memory of the people and were almost uninterrupted, except for the relatively short period of Soviet rule, which still could not eradicate the self-governance traditions of Ukrainians.
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